On Hermeneutical Crisis in Theology Studies: Recovering “ApostolicInterpretation” through Linnemann and Spirit Hermeneutics of C.S. Keener

Abstract

The present article discusses a rarely-debated crisis in theological studies,
arguing that contemporary epistemological fragmentation stems
fundamentally from unresolved methodological tensions in biblical
hermeneutics. Drawing on George Pattison's diagnosis of theology's
"end" in the modern academy, this paper traces the hermeneutical crisis
back to the pervasive dominance of historical-critical methodology across
global theological institutions. We examine the paradigm-shifting
testimony of Eta Linnemann— a former student of Rudolf Bultmann who
renounced historical criticism as ideological rather than
methodological—as providing crucial illumination for understanding how
presuppositional commitments disguised as scientific neutrality have
undermined scriptural authority. The article proposes a recovery approach
that moves beyond traditional Jewish Pardes hermeneutics toward what
we term (possibly) "Apostolic Hermeneutics," examining the interpretive
practices of Jesus, Paul, and Peter as modelled in canonical texts. A
comparative analysis evaluates Linnemann's radical self-criticism
alongside Craig S. Keener's "Spirit Hermeneutics" framework, which
seeks to balance cognitive analysis, right-brain imaginative engagement,
and Holy Spirit empowerment in biblical interpretation. We assess
contributions from conservative evangelical scholars including Howard I.
Marshall, Gordon D. Fee, and Craig L. Blomberg, whose work
demonstrates that historical-critical tools can be employed under inerrant
presuppositions without surrendering theological authority. The article
concludes with practical recommendations for Pentecostal-Charismatic
communities seeking to recover the empowering role of the Holy Spirit